This talk attempts an objective view of a highly emotive subject. By discussing how science was used in the Pacific Lumber HCP, we show that good science can materially help in the resolution of environmental disputes. The techniques that proved particularly effective were the use of a large team of eminent independent scientists, overseen by a panel of impartial experts, who were insulated from management decisions and pressures. The three co-authors were all involved in the project in different ways.