New Trase data analysis highlights the need for stronger supply chain transparency as domestic demand grows and export data gaps widen.
Oxford, United Kingdom; Stockholm, Sweden – A new analysis of Indonesian palm oil supply chain data from 2023–2024 reveals the domestic market was linked to two-thirds of palm oil driven deforestation – nearly nine times the deforestation linked to exports to India, the top foreign market. [1].
The growing domestic market makes sector-wide transparency more critical than ever. Strengthening forest conservation will require better reporting on domestic buyers and publicly accessible sourcing locations for domestic supply chains.
Adelina Chandra, Trase's researcher at Global Canopy.
More than half of Indonesia’s palm oil was consumed domestically in 2024 – an all-time high driven by growing domestic demand, including to produce biodiesel.
Four major corporate groups continue to dominate exports: Royal Golden Eagle (RGE), Sinar Mas, Musim Mas and Wilmar. Royal Golden Eagle, Sinar Mas, Musim Mas and Wilmar together accounted for 52% of export volume in 2024.
Mid-sized exporters saw larger shifts: KPN Corp rose from 15th to seventh, while Permata Hijau dropped from fifth to 12th.
While Indonesian palm oil production reached a record high in 2024, new forest conversion remained at a fraction of past levels.
However, deforestation for palm oil in Papua more than doubled in 2025, compared with the year before, while Kalimantan accounted for 56% of Indonesia’s total palm oil driven deforestation.
Peat subsidence caused by palm oil plantations and peat burning accounted for 85% of the sector’s greenhouse gases emissions.
As burned area mapping by the MapBiomas Indonesia shows, of all extractive concessions, palm oil concessions still hold the biggest number of fires [3]. Improvements by the palm oil industry are still needed.
Timer Manurung, Executive Director of Auriga.
This data comes as Indonesia faces its worst wildfire season in more than a decade this year [2].
Key findings include:
SEI’s Trase team contributed to the analysis and management of the data, including Florian Gollnow, Niamh French, Nicolás Martín and David Aikman.
[1] Data covers palm oil supply chains for 2023 and 2024 and deforestation data for 2025. It will be available on the Trase website (www.trase.earth) on October 13, 2026. A launch event will take place in Jakarta at 09 AM (GMT+7).
[2] For more details, download the Mapbiomas Fire Factsheet Burned Area in Indonesia January–August 2026.
[3] We can provide the graphics on the explainer in higher resolution if needed.
Trase is a data-driven transparency initiative led by Global Canopy and Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI). We map international trade in agricultural commodities and provide open-access data, insights, and tools that help companies, financial institutions, and governments strengthen accountability for their sustainability goals. www.trase.earth
Auriga Nusantara (www.auriga.or.id) is an Indonesian environmental NGO and Trase’s lead partner in Indonesia.
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