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Journal article

What does resilience mean for urban water services?

This journal article explores how resilience thinking can be translated into urban water practice to develop the conceptual understanding of transitions toward sustainability.

Åse Johannessen / Published on 30 January 2017

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Citation

Johannessen, Å., and C. Wamsler. (2017). What does resilience mean for urban water services?. Ecology and Society 22(1):1. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08870-220101

Disasters and climate change impacts, as well as increased water demand, pose serious risks to the provision of sustainable urban water services, e.g., drinking water, sanitation, and safe drainage, especially in cities. These challenges call for a transition toward improved water management, including considerations of “resilience.” However, because the resilience concept has multidisciplinary origins it is open to multiple interpretations, which poses a challenge to understanding and operationalizing the concept.

The study is based on a literature review, interviews with water experts, as well as four case studies in South Africa, India, Sweden, and the Philippines. The authors identify seven key principles or attributes of urban water resilience and the related transition process. The authors find that resilience building needs to discern between and manage three levels (i.e., socioeconomic, external hazard considerations, and larger social-ecological systems) to be sustainable.

In addition, the authors find that human agency is a strong driver of transition processes, with a certain level of risk awareness and risk perception providing one threshold and a certain capacity for action to implement measures and reorganize in response to risks being another. The difficulty of achieving “knowledge to action” derives from the multiple challenges of crossing these two types of identified thresholds. To address long-term trends or stressors, social learning plays an important role to ensure that the carrying capacity of urban water services is not exceeded or unwanted consequences are created e.g., long-term trends like salinization and water depletion.

The authors conclude that the resilience term and related concepts add value to understanding and addressing the dynamic dimension of urban water transitions if the key principles identified in this study are considered.

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