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Journal article

The Path Not Yet Taken: Bilateral Trade Agreements to Promote Sustainable Biofuels Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive

This article examines the potential for bilateral agreements to offer a more strategic approach to securing sustainable biofuels for Europe than the voluntary schemes that are currently being used.

Francis X. Johnson / Published on 31 July 2014
Citation

Westberg, C.J., and F.X. Johnson (2014). The Path Not Yet Taken: Bilateral Trade Agreements to Promote Sustainable Biofuels Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive. The Environmental Law Reporter, 44(7), 10607.

In order for biofuels to count as renewable energy for transport under the European Union Renewable Energy Directive, most applicants have relied on certification by the European Commission. But bilateral agreements can also be used to meet the sustainability criteria.

This article examines the bilateral agreement option, particularly whether such agreements might provide more flexibility in developing countries that export to the EU, while also addressing more general land use policies and cross-sector linkages in natural resource management.

Read the article (external link to journal)

Note: An earlier version of this article was published as SEI Working Paper No. 2013-02.

SEI author

Francis X. Johnson
Francis X. Johnson

Senior Research Fellow

SEI Asia

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