Although much of the focus in the lead-up to the Paris Climate Change Conference was on the mitigation commitments and actions of non-state actors, this article focuses on another valuable contribution they can make: to hold the parties to their obligations under the Paris Agreement. It argues that, while the formal avenues for non-state-actor participation in review processes—encompassing the review of implementation, compliance, and effectiveness—remain limited, there are several other ways in which non-state actors can be, and already have been, influential.
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