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Journal article

The risk of survey bias in self-reports vs. actual consumption of clean cooking fuels

Nearly 3 billion people across the globe lack access to clean cooking fuels like liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity. They depend on polluting solid fuels like firewood, crop residues and dung burned in open fires or simple stoves.

Furthermore, evidence indicates that even when people gain access to cleaner fuels, they persistently “stack” stoves, or use polluting options in parallel with clean ones.

Rob Bailis / Published on 24 April 2020

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Citation

Kar, A., Brauer, M., Bailis, R. and Zerriffi, H. (2020). The risk of survey bias in self-reports vs. actual consumption of clean cooking fuels. Word Development Perspectives, 18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100199

This paper discusses factors that can lead to bias in cooking energy transition analyses, and tests the level of bias when objective data is available for clean cooking consumption.

The research finds a statistically significant difference between self-reported annual LPG consumption and annual consumption determined by purchase records cylinders. Only 15% of consumers accurately reported their consumption. Reporting errors are remarkably one-sided, which suggests systemic bias. About 78% of respondents over-reported their consumption, while only 6% under-reported.

These findings raise serious concerns about the reliability of research that relies on data from self-reported surveys through face-to-face interviews, which is the norm in developing countries.

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SEI author

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Rob Bailis

Senior Scientist

SEI US