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Quibdo, Colombia
Project

Rights of rivers in practice

The Rights of Rivers in Practice project studies how legal rights of rivers are implemented in practice, focusing on three case studies: the Atrato River, Whanganui River, and Turag River in Colombia, New Zealand and Bangladesh. It examines governance, guardianship, and Indigenous roles to identify strategies for equitable and inclusive river protection in accordance with the beliefs and interests of Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs).

Active project

2025–2026

Project contact

Alison Dyke / alison.dyke@sei.org

Legal measures that recognize the rights of rivers (RoR) and associated ecosystems are becoming increasingly common in environmental governance. RoR, and broader rights of nature (RoN), are legal recognitions that accommodate stewardship perspectives from Indigenous laws and environmental protection from Western laws. This is a relatively new phenomenon that, in addition to legislation, requires new mechanisms such as guardianship arrangements to implement it and case law to establish practice.  

Evidence of RoR implementation is still nascent and has resulted in mixed outcomes. RoR rulings and implementations that fully recognize Indigenous or local community stewardship, have engaged with existing traditional and Indigenous practices, knowledge, and institutions and recognized their roles in protecting biodiversity and nature. However, RoR and broader RoN recognition and implementation have been misinterpreted in some cases to disenfranchise Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPLCs) in the form of exclusion of local users in environmental management and governance.

The project is adapted to Polcaps KI framework to address factors in successful adoption: Legal mechanisms, Guardianship arrangements, Epistemic politics, Governance alignment and Historical and colonial legacy across three case studies: The Atrato River, Colombia; The Whanganui River, New Zealand and the Turag River, Bangladesh.

Objective

Our objective is to identify strategies for the effective implementation of the RoR that comprehensively represent the rivers’ intrinsic rights, while empowering guardians and officials to achieve just, equitable, legitimate and inclusive governance.

We have engaged with IPLCs who are appointed guardians, government agencies and management bodies in three case study areas. We will produce innovative research to identify obstacles to effective governance and why they function as they do to address the following questions:

  • How do the rights of rivers operate across different governance models, and what factors influence their effectiveness?
  • What are the strengths and limitations of current governance arrangements in upholding the rights of rivers?
  • What strategies or pathways can be adopted to ensure more inclusive, equitable, and effective implementation of the rights of rivers?

Project outputs will include a case study report detailing the tree case studies and synthesizing our findings, and a policy brief detailing the framework that we have used to analyze effectiveness of RoR approaches.

SEI people

Alison Dyke

Research Fellow

SEI York

Bobby Farnan

Research Associate

SEI York

Dayoon Kim

Research Associate

SEI Asia

Sushmita Mandal

Senior Research Fellow

SEI Asia

Yesica Rodríguez Blásquez

Research Associate

SEI Latin America

Tania Santos

Team Leader: Water; Research Fellow

SEI Latin America

Funders and partners