Depending on how it is pursued, the bioeconomy transition can either relieve fossil fuel dependence sustainably or exacerbate human dependence on the environment. Using Brazil as an in-depth case study, this article assesses the role of corporate power in steering bioeconomic development pathways.
The author draws from a comprehensive review of policies, government reports and specific literature on Brazil. The case shows that while the bioeconomy is framed as an attractive way to preserve the environment and help economies, it has disproportionately benefited corporate agribusiness. This means that Brazil’s bioeconomy project preserves social inequalities, reinforces skewed power structures and hinders sustainable development. The case study of Brazil should be seen as a warning to other countries.
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