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SEI brief

Integrated mitigation and adaptation planning: using LEAP, WEAP and macroeconomic modelling to plan climate-resilient development

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SEI brief

Integrated mitigation and adaptation planning: using LEAP, WEAP and macroeconomic modelling to plan climate-resilient development

Governments realize that climate change impacts both energy and water systems, but they still typically plan for each sector in isolation, often missing critical risks and trade-offs. Two planning tools, the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) and the Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP), can be used in tandem to gather data on how investment and resource allocation choices in one sector may impact the other. 

Marion Davis, Annette Huber-Lee, Laura Forni, Jason Veysey, Eric Kemp-Benedict / Published on 13 November 2025

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Citation

WEAP and LEAP. (2025). Integrated mitigation and adaptation planning: using LEAP, WEAP and macroeconomic modelling to plan climate-resilient development. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://doi.org/10.51414/sei2025.052

By combining analysis from LEAP and WEAP, countries are able to identify options that might not have stood out when looking at a single model, helping decision-makers manage difficult trade-offs. And by combining these tools with macroeconomic modelling, governments are able to view the implications for GDP and sectoral growth of different allocations, which helps them assess the broader economic impacts of policy choices. At the same time, LEAP can help quantify the impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and air quality, enabling countries to prioritize both economic growth and sustainable development. 

Using these tools can help governments prioritize climate resilience in development strategies, policies and budgets. While climate finance is a scarce resource, by combining LEAP, WEAP and macroeconomic modelling, governments can ensure that their investments will support long-term sustainable growth.

Read more about how these tools can support research and decision-making in this brief.

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SEI authors

Profile picture of Annette Huber-Lee
Annette Huber-Lee

Senior Scientist

SEI US

Laura Forni

Water Program Director

SEI US

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Jason Veysey

Energy Modeling Program Director and Senior Scientist

SEI US

Eric Kemp-Benedict
Eric Kemp-Benedict

SEI Affiliated Researcher

SEI US