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Two people dressed in black walk away along a gravel road. On the left is fenced grazing land for animals, and on the right side of the road are trees.
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Social Impact Framework for assessing the impacts of NBS on human well-being and justice and its relation to biodiversity

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Other publication

Social Impact Framework for assessing the impacts of NBS on human well-being and justice and its relation to biodiversity

This evidence brief aims to support local level planning and policymaking and to improve understanding among relevant stakeholders across sectors and disciplines of how nature-based solutions (NbS) influence societal wellbeing and how their positive social impacts can be intentionally designed, governed and assessed in practice.

Heidi Tuhkanen, Kaidi Tamm / Published on 25 May 2026

Citation

Tuhkanen, H., & Tamm, K. (2026). Social Impact Framework for assessing the impacts of NBS on human well-being and justice and its relation to biodiversity. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19681508

Key messages

  • Nature-based Solutions (NbS) can deliver substantial benefits for human wellbeing and physical health, particularly when intentionally designed and integrated into social contexts.

  • NbS should be designed and governed as social-ecological systems, not just as blue-green infrastructure, because social processes are as important as the physical elements in shaping impacts and outcomes.

  • Equitable access, inclusive governance, and sensitivity to local conditions are central to successful multi-functional NbS.

  • The potential of NbS to maximise wellbeing benefits while maintaining or enhancing biodiversity is context-dependent and requires further research.

  • Monitoring and evaluating social impact helps to prioritise actions, demonstrate value, and ensure that NbS contribute to wellbeing, resilience, and fairness over time.

Nature-based solutions (NbS) use natural processes and blue-green infrastructure – such as parks, wetlands, green roofs, and restored waterways – to address climate, biodiversity, and societal challenges while improving quality of life. 

This study, an output of the NBSPLUS project, focused on how NbS can enhance societal wellbeing. The social impact framework that was used consists of the following categories of impacts: general physical and mental health and wellbeing; recreational value; place attachment; knowledge and learning; pro-environmental behaviour and attitudes; social interaction and cohesion; recognitional and distributive justice; economic value; economic value and food security; meaningful participation; and procedural justice and empowerment.

SEI authors

Heidi Tuhkanen

Senior Expert (Sustainable Cities and Resilient Communities Unit)

SEI Tallinn

Kaidi Tamm

Head of Unit, Senior Expert (Sustainable Cities and Resilient Communities Unit)

SEI Tallinn