Nature-based solutions (NbS) can do far more than solve one environmental problem at a time, if they are designed as connected, long-term systems rather than isolated projects.
This paper argues for a shift from fragmented restoration efforts to “NbS services” that combine biodiversity recovery, climate adaptation, water resilience and social benefits across landscapes.
The authors show how adaptive governance, participatory planning, monitoring and innovative financing can help nature-based solutions remain effective under climate uncertainty.
By treating ecosystems as living infrastructure, the paper outlines how societies can build more resilient, equitable and regenerative futures.
