Key messages

• Climate change impacts on agriculture, such as floods and droughts, pose significant risks to food security, spread globally through interconnected supply chains, leading to food price shocks, reduced food accessibility, and social instability across borders and regions.

• Rising geopolitical tensions and geoeconomic fragmentation increasingly affect global food security. Food trade, a cornerstone of global food security, is being weaponized in geopolitical conflicts, further exacerbating the risks posed by climate change.

• Enhancing domestic capacities for climate-resilient agriculture is crucial for reducing dependency on global food markets and mitigating the transboundary effects of climate impacts.

• Collaboration among small groups of countries with common goals or shared risks emerges as a potential solution to manage transboundary climate risks to food security.

• Transitioning dietary patterns towards more plant-based food and reducing food waste are recommended to reduce environmental impacts, improve resource efficiency, and enhance food availability and security.