Iraq is facing significant water security challenges, worsened by climate change, prolonged conflict, and environmental degradation. It is one of the most water-stressed countries in the world. Rising temperatures and decreased rainfall are putting additional strain on already limited water resources. In recent decades, water supplies have dropped sharply due to prolonged droughts. Simultaneously, water demand has surged because of population growth, which can lead to a water deficit in many seasons. Heatwaves are intensifying water stress in agriculture, putting pressure on the sector and leading to internal displacement.
Decreased water flows are increasing pollution levels and salinity issues. Untreated municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste is contaminating the limited water supply, posing health risks to the population. While water, sanitation, and health services are generally accessible, the main challenges lie in waste management and health protection.
The decline in water quality, reduced water availability, and the rising unpredictability in water inflows —linked to climate change and actions by neighboring countries—collectively threaten Iraq’s water security.
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