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Indoor air quality

Explore SEI's research on indoor air quality, its impacts on health and wellbeing, and how tackling air pollution is a win for both climate and human health.

Air pollution poses a major threat to health and climate and is associated with 7 million premature deaths a year globally. Short-term exposure can exacerbate asthma and cause coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Long term it contributes to stroke, lung cancer, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease and other serious conditions.

Historically, research and policy focused on outdoor air. Indoor air pollution started receiving greater attention in the 1990s, with the recognition that it contributed significantly to disease, particularly from the use of solid fuels (wood, coal and charcoal) for cooking and heating. We now recognize a wide range of indoor pollutants and pollutant sources. 

Indoor air pollution can arise from: 

  • outdoor air pollution infiltrating indoors,
  • air pollution generated indoors, from indoor sources and activities, and
  • complex reactions between chemicals, occurring indoors and outdoors.

Ventilation (the exchange of indoor and outdoor air) has a big impact on indoor air quality. When ventilation is low, people re-breathe more of each others’ air, contributing to the spread of airborne diseases such as Covid-19, flu, RSV, and measles. Poor ventilation also results in the build up of carbon dioxide (which we breathe out) indoors. This is linked to reduced attention levels, sleepiness and headaches, and can reduce productivity and cause absenteeism. Conversely, when there are high levels of pollution in outside air, increased ventilation can raise pollution levels indoors. Air purifiers can help to trap particulate matter, including PM2.5, viral particles, mould spores and pollen, indoors and can be used strategically in combination with ventilation for optimal indoor air quality. 

Air quality is closely linked to the earth’s climate and ecosystems. Many of the drivers of air pollution (i.e. combustion of fossil fuels) are also sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Policies to reduce air pollution offer a win-win strategy for both climate and health.

SEI has studied indoor air quality in homes, schools and workplaces across three continents, through measurement and modelling. Much of our work uses citizen science methodologies, involving those affected in designing and carrying out the research and evaluating potential interventions. We bring together expertise across disciplines to conduct research, generate and translate knowledge, engage with stakeholders and co-develop pathways to achieve healthier indoor air.


SEI experts

Sarah West

Professor and Centre Director

SEI York

Profile picture of Rob Bailis
Rob Bailis

Senior Scientist

SEI US

Diane Archer

Senior Research Fellow

SEI Asia

Chris Malley

Senior Research Fellow

SEI York

Johan C. I. Kuylenstierna

Professor

SEI York

Kevin Hicks

Professor

SEI York

Luke Gooding

Research Associate

SEI York

Rhys Archer

Research Associate

SEI York

Anderson Kehbila

Senior Research Fellow/Research Director for Africa

SEI Africa

Cassilde Muhoza

Research Fellow

SEI Africa

Connie O’Neill

Research Associate

SEI York

Smriti Safaya

Research Associate

SEI York

Ngongang Danube
Ngongang Wandji Danube

Research Fellow

SEI Africa

Fiona Lambe
Fiona Lambe

Team Leader: Development Policy and Finance

SEI Headquarters

Somya Joshi
Somya Joshi

Research Director

SEI Headquarters

Moses Kirimi

Research Associate

SEI Africa

Cynthia Sitati
Cynthia Sitati

Research Associate

SEI Africa