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Explore SEI's research on indoor air quality, its impacts on health and wellbeing, and how tackling air pollution is a win for both climate and human health.
Air pollution poses a major threat to health and climate and is associated with 7 million premature deaths a year globally. Short-term exposure can exacerbate asthma and cause coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath. Long term it contributes to stroke, lung cancer, respiratory conditions, cardiovascular disease and other serious conditions.
Historically, research and policy focused on outdoor air. Indoor air pollution started receiving greater attention in the 1990s, with the recognition that it contributed significantly to disease, particularly from the use of solid fuels (wood, coal and charcoal) for cooking and heating. We now recognize a wide range of indoor pollutants and pollutant sources.
Indoor air pollution can arise from:
Ventilation (the exchange of indoor and outdoor air) has a big impact on indoor air quality. When ventilation is low, people re-breathe more of each others’ air, contributing to the spread of airborne diseases such as Covid-19, flu, RSV, and measles. Poor ventilation also results in the build up of carbon dioxide (which we breathe out) indoors. This is linked to reduced attention levels, sleepiness and headaches, and can reduce productivity and cause absenteeism. Conversely, when there are high levels of pollution in outside air, increased ventilation can raise pollution levels indoors. Air purifiers can help to trap particulate matter, including PM2.5, viral particles, mould spores and pollen, indoors and can be used strategically in combination with ventilation for optimal indoor air quality.
Air quality is closely linked to the earth’s climate and ecosystems. Many of the drivers of air pollution (i.e. combustion of fossil fuels) are also sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Policies to reduce air pollution offer a win-win strategy for both climate and health.
SEI has studied indoor air quality in homes, schools and workplaces across three continents, through measurement and modelling. Much of our work uses citizen science methodologies, involving those affected in designing and carrying out the research and evaluating potential interventions. We bring together expertise across disciplines to conduct research, generate and translate knowledge, engage with stakeholders and co-develop pathways to achieve healthier indoor air.
Perspective / "A significant blind spot remains in our national health strategy " writes Sarah West in Government Business magazine.
Perspective / On World Ventilate Day 2024, SEI researcher Luke Gooding emphasizes the importance of ventilation during retrofitting to meet net-zero goals.
7 November 2024 / About Cities and Household energy
Past event / HEPA filters in classrooms significantly improved air quality in Hertfordshire schools: read a poster presented at the UK Health Security Agency Conference.
Past event / Sarah West and others explored how research can support evidence for better ventilation, including our work in UK schools. Watch the recording.
Past event / Sarah West and the wider SAMHE team shared the project's findings on indoor air quality in UK schools. Watch the recording.
Feature / We speak with SEI US clean cooking expert Rob Bailis on how COP28 delivered for an issue that affects climate and development alike.
7 February 2024 / About Energy access, Finance, Forests, Household energy, Pollution, Short lived climate pollutants and Wellbeing
Perspective / An SEI study shows the need to urgently improve air quality both indoors and outdoors to protect the health of workers in Thailand.
4 August 2022 / About Pollution
Feature / Discover how SEI’s science-based strategies are turning research into real-world solutions for cleaner air and sustainable development.
Feature / At the INGENIOUS webinar, Sarah West and indoor air quality experts emphasized the need for further research to promote indoor air quality in all UK households.
20 February 2024 / About Pollution
SEI podcast / This episode explores technological innovations to enhance air quality monitoring globally.
18 March 2024 / Indoor air quality / Pollution and Short lived climate pollutants
SEI podcast / In this episode we explore how different worker groups are disproportionately exposed to and impacted by air pollution.
25 October 2022 / Indoor air quality / Behaviour and choice, Pollution, Public policy and Wellbeing
Feature / SEI York Centre Director Sarah West was interviewed for a recent briefing for the UK parliament.
10 October 2023 / About Pollution, Public policy and Wellbeing
Feature / Ahead of the UK general election, experts urge the next government to adopt a unified strategy to improve indoor air quality for better public health.
4 July 2024 / About Cities
Past event / Read findings and reflections from our citizen science air quality monitoring in UK schools as presented at the UKRI/Met Office Clean Air Programme Conference.
Feature / Discover practical steps to reduce exposure and improve indoor air quality as shared by the INGENIOUS project at the UK Clean Air Conference.
10 October 2024 / About Behaviour and choice, Cities, Household energy and Pollution
Feature / On UK Clean Air Day, SEI York researchers explore the potential for UK-led initiatives to inspire and guide global policies and actions toward cleaner air.
18 June 2024 / About Cities
Perspective / Improving indoor air quality remains a global issue that requires collective action.
11 September 2023 / About Household energy, Pollution and Short lived climate pollutants
Media coverage / Along with experts and representatives from the UK government, Dr Sarah West from SEI York contributed to a debate on indoor air quality.
16 May 2023 / About Pollution and Public policy
Feature / SEI's Rob Bailis led research for a journal article featuring the first known analysis of the health and climate consequences of large-scale fuel transitions.
Feature / This piece looks at the day in the life of a female worker in a lacquer craft village in Viet Nam to show how female workers are exposed to air pollution.
14 June 2022 / About Pollution
Journal article / Access to clean, reliable energy is a cornerstone of public health, yet energy poverty continues to undermine health and equity in many lower income countries.
25 March 2026 / About Fossil fuels, Household energy, Pollution, Short lived climate pollutants and Wellbeing
Journal article / Household cooking contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and short-lived climate pollutants, especially where charcoal, kerosene are widely used.
11 February 2026 / About Household energy, Pollution and Short lived climate pollutants
Journal article / This journal article explores the effects of different cooking fuels, stoves and greater environment on users' air pollution exposure.
21 September 2025 / About Energy access, Household energy, Pollution and Short lived climate pollutants
Journal article / SAMHE data shows that particulate matter levels in UK schools are heavily influenced by outdoor air quality.
14 May 2025 / About Pollution
Journal article / Biomass cookstoves remain a major source of harmful air pollution. This article analyses the research and policy landscape on these cookstoves' emissions.
11 April 2025 / About Household energy, Pollution, Short lived climate pollutants and Sustainable lifestyles
Journal article / INGENIOUS project researchers studied indoor air quality in 300+ Bradford homes, linking pollutants to cooking and ventilation practices.
27 January 2025 / About Cities
Other publication / This two-page brief brings together SAMHE's findings and other evidence on air quality in UK schools and makes recommendations for policy and practice.
21 November 2024 / About Pollution
Journal article / Carbon monoxide exposure poses a health risk to many urban residents in sub-Saharan Africa, with concentrations at their highest as evening meals are prepared.
Journal article / The SAMHE Web App was co-designed with schools to ensure maximum acceptance and engagement by teachers and pupils, as this is critical to the project's success.
4 December 2023 / About Pollution
Journal article / The SAMHE project introduces a novel method to generate and analyze extensive datasets via collaborative citizen science methods, in this case with UK schools.
4 December 2023 / About Pollution
Journal article / This article presents the first global assessment of the association between preterm births and exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution.
15 February 2017 / About Household energy and Pollution
Journal article / This publication explored how environmental monitoring can help address the mental health needs of vulnerable perinatal adolescents.
31 October 2025 / About Adaptation, Cities and Pollution
Journal article / Adopting citizen science methods, researchers used questionnaires and breathing tests to investigate the impact of air pollution on Nairobian schoolchildren.
SEI brief / Four case studies are part of a larger study examining air pollution and workers' occupational exposures in southeast Asia.
31 March 2023 / About Behaviour and choice and Pollution
SEI brief / A new study on air pollution and garment workers in Cambodia aims to influence policy and interventions to protect their health, with benefits across the board.
24 March 2023 / About Pollution
Journal article / A novel analysis shows the global climate and health benefits of switching biomass cookstoves in low- and middle-income countries to electricity and LPG.
SEI report / This scoping report assesses the interlinkages between air pollution and the world of work in East and Southeast Asia, to identify knowledge gaps to be filled.
17 October 2022 / About Behaviour and choice, Participation, Pollution, Public policy and Wellbeing
Journal article / This paper addressed how poor ventilation and polluting cooking fuels in low-income homes cause high exposure, yet relevant global studies remain limited.
Journal article / The study aimed to measure in-home emissions from a variety of stoves in rural Indian communities.
23 November 2020 / About Behaviour and choice, Household energy and Pollution
Journal article / Improving assessments and evaluating strategies to reduce exposure to indoor air pollutants by vulnerable groups.
15 March 2020 / About Food and agriculture, Pollution and Short lived climate pollutants
Journal article / Using citizen science approaches to explore personal exposure to air pollution of selected informal settlement dwellers in Nairobi, Kenya.
Journal article / This study assesses changes in carbon monoxide concentrations in kitchens after introduction of improved rocket mud stoves in Western Kenya.
29 December 2016 / About Behaviour and choice and Household energy
SEI brief
29 September 2015 / About Household energy and Pollution
SEI brief
23 May 2014 / About Energy access and Household energy
Journal article
17 January 2014 / About Pollution
Journal article / Household air pollution, caused by use of biomass fuels and coal, is a major problem in low and middle income countries
19 December 2017 / About Pollution and Short lived climate pollutants
Journal article
20 February 2013 / About Behaviour and choice, Energy access and Pollution
Project / An interdisciplinary network set up to understand particulate matter in indoor air, its health impacts and effective and equitable ways to address it.
Project / CHILI aims to ensure that we support and improve children’s health and education as school and nursery buildings are adapted for energy efficiency.
2025 - 2029 / About Cities, Climate policy and Pollution
Project / We worked with Hertfordshire County Council, using SAMHE to evaluate how using HEPA filters in schools affects air quality.
Project / The Ugandan government hopes to scale up cleaner cooking options to curb the health and climate damage caused by burning wood and charcoal.
2023 - 2025 / About Behaviour and choice, Energy access, Forests, Fossil fuels, Household energy, Mitigation, Pollution, Public policy, Short lived climate pollutants and Sustainable lifestyles
Project / A citizen science project monitoring indoor air, created with and for UK schools.
Project / This project investigates air pollutants inside homes in the city of Bradford, UK: their sources, interactions and health effects on those living there.
2021 - 2026 / About Cities, Household energy and Pollution
Tool / CHEPA is an easy-to-use calculator that helps schools assess how a HEPA filter impacts classroom air quality and energy use.
About Cities, Participation, Pollution and Wellbeing

















